Monday, February 27, 2017

MUXUU YAHAY NIDAAMKA FEDERAALKU?

Federaalku  waa  nidaam  dowladeedkaasoo  awoodda  dowladda  dastuurka  dalku  u qeybiyo  dowladda  dhexe  iyo  dowlad  goboleedyada.  Maamul goboleedyadu  waxayleeyihiin  meekhaan  maamul  hoosaad  ah,  oo  waxay  haystaan xukun  hoosaad  ay gobolladooda  kumaamulaan. Awoodaha  ay  ku  shaqeeyaan  dowlad  goboleedyadu dowladdadhexe  ma  siiso.Awoodahooda  waxay  ka  helaan  dastuurka  dalka  u  yaalla. Dowladda qaab kaan ah waxay ka duwan tahay nidaamka unitary ga kaasoo awoodaha dowladda oo dhan uu gacanta ugu jiro dowladda dhexe oo kaliya. Ma jiro nidaam dastuuri ah  oo  awoodaha  u  qaybiniya  dowladda dhexe  iyo  maamul  goboleedyada  nidaamka unitary  ga  mid  kaasoo  kaduwan  midka  fadaraalka  ah.

Nidaamka  fadaraalka  ah awoodaha  dalka  lagu  maamulo  waxaa  loo  qaybiyaa  dowladda  dhexe  iyo  dowlad goboleedyada  xubnaha  ka  ah  waddanka  fadaraalka  ah.Labada  dhinac  midkastaa awoodihiisa  wuxuu  ka  helaa  dastuurka  dalka  u  qoran.  Mid  mid  ku  xad  gudbikaraana majiro  sababtoo  ah  sharciga  dalka  u  dhigan  baa  xad  dastuuri  ah  u sameeyey, awoodahooduna xudduud bay kala leeyihiin.Habka dowliga ah ee kor ku qoranwaddankii uu ka jiro waa dal fadaraal ah.Waa nidaam awooduhu u qaybsan yihiin dowladda dhexe iyo dowlad goboleedyada. 

Fadaraalku waa xeelad siyaasadeed oo lagu doonayo in la iswaa fajiyo midnimada qaranka, awoodaha oo la qaybsado, iyadoo la taageerayo xuquuqa dalka. Waana midnimada,jiritaankadalka iyo awoodaha gaarka ahdowladda dhexe ee fadaraalka ah. Awoodaha dowladda dhexeeefadaraalka  ahgaarka  u  ah  waa  siyaasaddaarrimaha  dibadda,  gaashaandhigga,dhaqaalaha, amnigaiyo horumarinta kaabashaaya dhaqaalaha (infrastructure). Maamul goboleedyada  dalka  fadaraalka  uu  ka  kooban  yahay  ma  rabaan  in  ay  ka  tanaasulaan awoodahooda dastuurku uusiiyey ama siinayo.Haddii ay awoodahooda dowladda dhexe siiyaan, xukun hoosaadkii baa meesha ka baxaya.Markaas waxaaimaanaya nidaamka unitaryga meeshana waxaa ka baxaya nidaamka fadaraalka ah.Sidee buu ku yimaada nidaamka fadaraalka?Nidaamka fadaraalka ah wuxuu ku yimaadaa labada qodob ee soo socota:-


1.Waxaa  samayn  kara  waddammo  dhowr  ahoo  madax  bannaan  oo  ah  kuwocaalamku aqoonsan yahay ah, kuwaa sooka tanaasula awoodahooda qaar ka mid ahsi ay u helaan dowlad dhexe oo cusub eeiyaga ka dhaxaysa. Markii ay iskudarsamaan waxaa samaysmaya waddan weyn oo xoog badan, iyagana maamul hoosaad  iyo  mid  kasta  magac  u  gaar  ah  ayaa  la  siiyaa.  Sidaas  waxaa  u samaysmay dalka Maraykanka 1789.2.Fadaraalku wuxuu kaloo ku yimaadaa markiiwaddan nidaamka unitaryga ahuu u kala  burburo  tiro  maamul  goboleedyo  ah,  kuwaa  soo  marka  dambe  iyagu isuyimaada  kuna  heshiiya  nidaamka  fadaraalka  ah.  Sidaas  markii  ay  dhacdo waxaa  dhasha  dalfadaraal  ah.  Sidaasna  waxaa  ku  samaysmay  dalka  Canada 1867.  Tilmaamaha ama astaamaha u gaarka ah Fadareeshanka.

1.Awoodaha oo laQabsado:Dowlad  goboleedyada  fadaralku  ka  kooban  yahaywaxay    raabaanin  ay  dano badan iyo maslaxooyin badan ka helaan dowlad ay wada leeyihiin oo u dhaxaysa, faa’iidooyin ay ku kifaaxaan bayna dowladdaasi u leedahay iyaga.Laakiinisla markaasnawaxay ku   dhagan   yihiin   kuna   adkaysanayaan   in   ay   haystaan magacyadooda  iyo  maamuladooda  u  gaarka  ah.  

Fikarka fadaraalku wuxuu  ku dhisan  yahay  in  la  haysto  midow  iyadoo  midnimadiinakhatar  ku  jirto.  Sidaas daraadeed,awoodaha ayaa loo qaybiyaa dowladda dhexe iyo dowladaha maamul goboleedyada.  Dowlad  kastaa,  fadaraalka  ama  dowlad  goboleed,  waxaalaga dhigay mid u madax bannaan sharciga inta loo xadeeyey. Mid kasta awood sharci iyo  dastuuri  bay  leedahay,  ay u  madax    bannaan  tahay  laakiin  midda  kale shuruucdeeda  iyo  xudduudeeda  sharci    ma  fara  gelin  karro. Ma  jiri  karo fadareeshan  ama  fadaraal  haddii  dowladda  dhexe  iyo  maamul  goboleedyada awoodaha aan loo qaybin.

2.Dastuur adag oo qoran:Dastuurka fadaraalka ama fadareeshankawaa qoran yahay waana adag yahay. Illaa laga dhigo mid qoran, dowladda dhexe  iyo maamul goboleedyada waxaa ka dhex  dhici  kara  muranno  ku  saabsan  xuduudaha  sharci  ee  ay  kala  leeyihiin. Dastuurku waa inuu waliba ahaadaa mid adag oo aan sahal lagu beddeli Karin. Taas waxaa loola jeedaa waa in aan la ogolaan  dastuurkaan in loo beddelo sida sahlan  ee  sharciyada  caadiga  ah  loo  beddelo.Habka  loo  beddeleyo  dastuurka fadaraalka ah waa inuu ahaadaa mid adag. Baahidaan dastuurka fadaraalka inuu ahaado mid adag waxay ka soo baxday xaqiiqada ah haddii si sahlan dastuurka loo beddelo, waxaa yaraanaya awoodihii maamulada xukun hoosaadka haystey ama  waxaaba  meesha  ka  bixi  kara  dowladihii  maamuladu  ay  la  haayeen. Fadaraalkiina halkaas ayuu ku baaba ayaa. Maamul goboleedyadu waligood ma helaan  kalsooni  ah  xukun  hoosaadkooda  in aan  la faragelineyn  ama meeshaba laga saareen haddii baarlamaanka fadaraalka dastuurka si sahlan wax uga beddeli karo. Sidaas awgeed,dastuurka waxaaloo arkaa muqaddes, marka waa inaan si fudud faraha loola gelin.

3.Garsoor Awood Badan oo Madax bannaan:Illaa  markii  la  sameeyeyfadareeshanka waxaa  jira  labo    dowladeed,  inkastoo dastuurku  qeexo  awoodahooda  iyo  xudduudadooda  sharci  ee  ay  kala  leeyihiin,wali waxaa imaan kara muranno ama iskhilaafyo ka dhexkacadowladda dhexe iyo dowladaha  gobolladaama waxay ka dhex dhikaan labo maamul goboleed. Sidaas darteeed,  fadareeshan  kastaa  waxay  leedahay  maxkamad  sare  oo  dastuuri  ah fasirtana  dastuurka  fadaraalkaas,  xalisana  khilaafyada.  Maxkamddaani  waxay ilaalisaa  dastuurka  dalkaas    fadaraalka  ah.  Maxkamaddaasi  waxay  ka  ilaalisaa dowladda  dhexe  iyo  dowlad  goboleedyada  awoodahooda  in  aysan  siyaadsan.Shaqadaan  waxaa  qaban  kara  oo  ka  mira  dhalin  kara  waxaa  weeye garsoor awood badan, madax bannaan, oo dhex dhexaada, kaas oo kali ah baa muranada  sharci ee fadaralka xalin kara.

4.Baarlamaan laba gole ka kooban:Nidaamka fadaraalka baarlamaanka qaranku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba gole.Dadka dalka fadaraalka ah guudahaaniyo maamul goboleedyada wakiillo u gaar ah baa mid kasta geestiisa loo siiyey. Aqalka sare wuxuu wakiil ka yahay maamul goboleedyada.  Aqalka  hoose  wuxuu  matalaa  dadka  waddanka  fadaraalka  guud ahaan.Golahaan  waxaa loo sameeyey ama loo abuuray dadkahalkaas degan ee dalkaas u dhashay oo dhan.Golaha odayaasha ama aqalka sare wakiil wuxuu kayahay  maamul  goboleedyada  tiro  isle’eg  baa  dowladaha  goboladu  ku leeyihiin.Tusaale  ahaan  dalka  Maraykanka  dowlad goboleed  kastaa  labo  qof   iyada  matala  ayey  u  dirsataa,  kulana  leedahaygolaha  senate-ka,  iyadoon  oo eegeen baxaadda gobolkeedaiyo tiradadadka halkaas degan.

5.Madax Bannaanidii hore  ay u Haysteen meeshey ka baxaysaa:Dalalka  ku  midowbay  halka  dal  ee  fadaraalka  ah  eeiyaga dhexeeya,waxay lumiyaan   madax   bannaanidoodii   hore   sababtoo   ah   midow   goodaa   wuxuu abuuriyaadal ama waddan cusub, kaasoo noqonaya mid madax bannaan

.6.Fadareeshanka ama fadaraalka waa la sameeyaa:Fadareeshanka  ma  koro    laakiin  waa  la  sameeyaa.Dalal  madax  bannaana  oo dowlad nimadooda haystey baa waxay ku heshiiyaan iney hal dal noqdaan, sidaas ayey ku sameeyaan fadaralka fadareeshankuna ku samaysmaa. Koris ama wax hoosta laga soo bilaabay samays ku yimid aha.

7.Midow Rasmi ah oo Joogto ah:Astaan taan ama muuqaalkaan baa ka duwa fadareeshanka konfadareeshanka. Konfadareeshanku  waa  midow  jilicsan  oo  kooban  oo  waddamadu  samaystaan.Laakiin fadareeshinka waa midow rasmi ah oo joogto ah.Dhanka nidaamka Uniteriga aan eegno:Nidaanka uniteriga waa mid keliya kaasoo awooda sare ee xukuumiga ahama dowladda dastuurka dalku  uu  siiyo  dowladda  dhexe  oo  keliya,  taasoo  dalka  oo  dhan  xukunta.  Simaamulka  iyo  shaqaduba  habsami  ugu  socdaan  waxaa  dalka  loo  qaybiyaa  Gobollo, gobolladaas  waxaa  loo  sameeya  maamul.Maamulada  gobollada  waxaa madax  looga dhigaa gudoomiyaal gobol, degmooyinka gobollada hoos yimaadawaxaa madax u noqda godoomiyaal  degmo. Dowladda  dhexe  maamulada  gobollada  waxay  siisaa  awoodo  ay wax ku maamulaan. Awoodahaas gobollada la siiyay waa kuwo kooban, kuwaas oo loo kordhin  karo,  laga  yareyn  karo,  lagana  qaadan  karo  markii  la  rabo.  Sababtoo  ah, goballadu xukun hoosaad ma haystaan nidaamkan awoodaha oo dhan dowladda dhexe gacanteedaayey kujiraan. Dadka maamulaya gobollada dowladda dhexe ayaa magacaabata waana wakiiladeeda meelahaas u jooga. Nidaamkan Unitaryga ah, awoodaha dalka oo dhan waxay gacanta ugu  jiraan  xukuumada  dhexe.  Gobollada  iyo  maamuladooduba  waxaay  toos  u  hoos yimaadan dowladda dhexe ee waddanka, waxayna isticmaashaa awood sare, iyadaana lehawoodaha  ugu dambeeyaee dalka. Nidaamkan hadda aan ka hadlayno dalkii leh dastuurkiisu ma ahan mid sare oo adag.  Dowladaha Engiriiska, Faransiiska, Talyaaniga, Iiraan, Beljim, Japan, Masar, Denmaag, Giriiga, iyo Kenya ayaa ka mid ah waddamada nidaamkan uniteryga ah ku dhaqma.Aan dib ugu noqono nidaamka 

Federaalka:Faa’iidooyinka nidaamka fadaraalka ah uu leeyahay.

1.Umidowbidsi nabad ah oo ikhtiyaar ah samaynta dal xoogleh derti:Fadareeshanku  ama  fadaraalku  wxuu  u  suuro  geliyaa  dalalka  yar  yar  in  ay  u midoow baan  si  nabad  ah  oo  ikhtaar  ahsi  ay  u  noqdaa  dal  weyn  oo  xoog  badan.Waqtigaan casriga ahwaxaa u muhiim ama daruuri ah waddani yar yar iney isku biiraan ama isku darsamaan  si  ay  u  noqdan  midow  aad  u  xoog  badan,  si  ay  iyagu    isaga  difaacaan gardarada lidka ku ah iyo in ay miisaan ku yeeshaan arrimaha caalamka.

2.Horumarinta Ilaha Dhaqaalaha:Dowladda  dhexeeefadaraalka  ahwaxay  gudataa  waajibaad  loo  xadadey  fulintooda loonaigmaday, maamul goboleedyada kala duwan>ee fadaraalka waxay awoodaan in ay  keydiyaan  dhaqaale  badan,  iyagoo  yareynaya  tiro  waaxyadooda  maamulka  ka  mid ah.Tusaale   ahan   dowlada   goboleedyada   
waxaa   laga   qaaday   dhaqaalihiidhanka militariga  iyo diblomaasiyadda kaga bixi lahaa.Dariiqaan fadareeshanka wuxuu u suura galinayaa dalalka yaryar in ay ilahooda dhaqaale si wanaagsan u horumariyaan, markii ay ku midoow baan nidaamka fadaraalka ah.

3.Isu keenidmidnima qaran iyoxukun hoosaad:Nidaamka fadaraalka ah wuxuu isu keenay midnimo qaran iyo xukun hoosaad. Sidaas darteed wuxuu aad ugu haboon ama ugu fiican yahay dalalka waaweyn sida Mareykanka, Indiya iwm.Gobollada kala duwan ee dalalka noocaan oo kale ah, waxay si weyn ugu kala  duwan  yihiin  luuqadda,  dhaqanka,  diinta,  iwm.,  waxayna  leeyihiin  baahiyo  kala duwan oo dhaqaale iyo siyaasad ah. Nidaaamka fadaraalku dowlad goboleedyada wuxuu siinayaaxukun hoosaad, dowlad weyn oo fadaraal ah oo gobolada ka dhaxaysana way jireysaa.  Nidaamkaani  wuxuu  iswaafa  jiyey  dowlad  dhexe  ee  qaran  iyo  maamul goboleedyo, gobol walbaa arrimihiisa hoose ku maamusho, raalina uu ku yahay.

4.Shaqadoo qaybsan:Nidaamka  fadaraalka    waxuu  ku  shaqeeyaa  mabda  a  shaqo  qaybsi.  Dadka  maamul goboleedyada  baa  si  sahlan  waxay  u  xaliyaan  dhibaatooyinkaheerka  goboleedka  ah. Aad bay ugu adag tahaydowladda dhexe ee fadaraalka in ay si fiican wax uga qabato dhibaatooyinka   noocaan   oo   kale   ah.   Dowladda   dhexe   waxay   wax   ka   qabataa dhibaatooyinka  muhiimadda  heerka  qaran  leh.  Arrintaan  shaqooyinka  lagu  qaybinayo waxay keentaain maamulku si fiican u shaqeeyo.

5.Jawi Dimoqraadiyadeed:Fadaraalku arrimaha heer gobol wuxuu hoos geeyey maamul goboleedyada.Arrintaani waxay  dhiira  gelisaain  la  daneeyo  waxyaabaha  guud  ee  bulshada.  U  dhiibidda masuuliyadda dadka degan meelaha dowlad goboleedyada, muuliyaddaasiwaxay iyaga siisaa  tababar  faa’iido  u  leh  oo  muwaadilnimo  ah  amawaddaninimo  am.  Sidaas daraadeed,Fadaraalku  wuxuu  caawiyaa  gacanna  ka  geestaa  dimoqraadiyaddu  in  ay shaqeyso.

6.Fikrad ama aragti ah caalamka oo dhan fadareeshan inuu noqdo;Xoogaa taageera yaasha fadaraalkawaxaysheegaan mabaadiida nidaamka fadaraalka ah  inuu  faa’iido  u  yeelan  karo  caalamkaoo  dhanhaddii  hal  fadareeshanlaga dhigo.Caalamka  oo hal dal ah, baa waxay dhaheen,lagu dhisi karaa mabaadiida dowlad nidaamka fadaraaalka ku shaqeysa.Xukuumad guud dal noocaan oo kale ah waxay wax ka  qabaneysa  dhibaatooyina  ka  guud    ee  kala  duwan    ee  dalalka  adduunka,  isla  mar ahaantaas   waxaa   lasiinayaa   waddamada   caalamka   xukun   hoosaad      buuxa   oo arrimahooda  adduunka  ah.  Dal  caalamka  oo  dhan  wuxuu  awoodi  doonaa  wadidda midnimada iyo nabadda caalamka.

7.Ku Fiicnaansho aadah oo bulshada casriga ah:Bulshada  casriga  ah  waxay  noqoneysaa  mid  adag  oo  aan  si  sahlan  lagu  fahmi  Karin, adeeg goodunauu yahay mid soo kordhayaoodhib badan iyo kala wudanaansho weyn oo dhanka dhaqaalaha, arrimaha bulshada, diinta, dhaqanka, garashada, shaqooyinka iyo danokaloo badan. Arrimahaan oo dhan waxaa si sax ah loo ilaalin karaa markii dalku uu ku dhisan yahay fadaraal.Waxyaabaha faa’iida darada ah ee Fadaraalku leeyahay.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalka fadaraalka a ceebo iyo cillado badan ayuu leeyahay.Waana kuwaanhoos ku qoran:

1.Siyaasadda Arrimaha Dibadda waa mid jilicsan:Sidaay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka wax ka qora arriamaha fadaraalka, waddanka fadaraalka ah ma  awoodo  in  uu fuliyo  ama uu  ku dhaqmo  siyaasad  adag  oo arrimaha dibadda ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee dalka fadaraalka ah ma aha mid adag ee waa mid jilicsan. Sababtu waxaa weeye dowlad goboleedyadu waxay leeyihiin awood ay sharciyo  ku  sameeyaan,  si  sahlan  bayna  dowladda  dhexe  wajigabax  ugu  sameen karaan,  waxayna  diidayaan  in  ay  ansixiyaan  sharcigii  loo  baahnaa  inlagu  hirgelino heshiis dowladda fadaraalka ay soo gashay. Dowladda dhexe ee Mareykanka inta badan wayku adag tahay in ay hirgeliso siyaabihii lagu fulin lahaa heshiiskii ay gasho.

2.Jileec Arrimaha Gudaha ah:Fadareeshanka  ama  fadaraalka  wax  qabadkiisaa  arrimaha  gudaha  waa  mid  jilicsan marka  la  barbar  dhigo  nidaamka  unitaryga.  Awoodaha  oo  la  qaybiyaa  fadareeshanka dhexdiisa waxay dowladda dhexe u keentaa tabardarro iyo wax qabasho la’aan. Dhanka kale waddanka ama dalka unitaryga ahawoodaha oo dhan waxay ku aruursan yihiin oo la isugu geeyey gacmaha dowladda dhexe.

3.Dastuur Adag:Fadareeshanka  dastuurkiisuu  badanaa  waa  mid  adag  oo  aan  si  sahlan  wax  looga beddeli  Karin.  Natiijaduna  waxay  noqoneysaa  dowladda  dalku  in  ay  wax  ka  qaban waydo xaaladaha isbeddelaya, arrimo iyo duruufo mar walba imaanaya oo u baahan in wax laga qabto iyi in lala socon waayo waqtiyada isbeddelaya. Dalka Mareykanka kuntonka  dowlad  goboleed  ee  ay  leedahay  toban  iyo  saddex  ka  mid  ah(13)  waxay diidi karaan soo jeedin kasta oo dastuurka wax looga beddelayo.

4.Kharashaad Badan:Dowladda  fadaraalka  ah  way  ka  kharash  badan  tahay  midda  nidaamkakale  ee unitaryga  ah.Labonidaam  dowladeedbaa  ka  jira  dalka  fadaraalka  ah  dhexdiisa. Dowlad   goboleed   kasta   oo   ka   tirsan   waddanka   fadaraalka   waxay   leedahaybaarlamaan, gole fulin iyo maxkamadihii garsoorka.

5.Waqtiyada oo dhan awooduhu si sax ah kuwo loo qaybsaday ma noqon karaan:Awoodahaooloo qaybiyo dowladda dhexe iyo dowlad goboleedyada, taa soo sal u ah  fadareeshanka  ma  ahaan  karro    mar  walba  qaybsi  sax  ah.Si  kastoo,  qorshaha hadda ee qaybsiga awooduhu uu u yahay mid sax ah oo dhammaystiran, ma ahaan karo mid saadaaliya baahiyaha, dalabyada, fikradaha iyo isbeddelada mustaqbalka.Wax hadda loo arko in ay muhiim u tahay gobolama muhiimideedu tahay heer gobol baa barito waxay yeelaneysaa muhiimad heer qaran. Laakiin dowladda qaranku ma heli karto awood cusub iyadoon dastuurka wax laga beddelin ama garsoorku uusan fasirin.  Dastuurka  si  dhaqsa  ah  wax  loogama  beddeli  karo  sababtoo  ah  wuu  adag yahay, fasiraadda garsoorkuna waa mid gaabis iyo hawl iska daba wareegeysa ah.

6.Khatar Kalago:Dowlad goboleedyadauu ka kooban yahay fadareeshanku waxa laga yaabaa in ay damcaan ama daneeyaan iney ka go’aan fadaraalka, sababtuna waxay tahay khilaaf soo  kala  dhexgala  dowladda  dhexe  ee  fadaaralka  iyo  mid  ka  mid  ah  dowlad goboleedyada  ama  khilaafyada  iyo  cabashooyinka  mar  walba  ka  dhex  jira  dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dalka fadaraalka iyo dowladda fadaraalka, kuwaa soo ku saabsan luuqadaha, dhaqanka, diinta, jinsiga iyo kala duwanaashaha dhaqaale. Maamul goboleed kastaa wuxuu leeyahay dowladiyo dastuur  gaar u ah.Jenjeersiga xagga go’iddu aad bey u xoog badan tahay fadareeshankagudihiisa marka la barbar dhigo  dalka  unitaryga  gudihiisa.  Sidaasdaraadeed,  dalka  fadaraalka  ah  waxaa  muuqda khataro kala go iyo midnimo la’aan. Khatar taan oo kale mar bay halis geliseysoona wajahdey Switzerland 1847 iyo Mareykanka1861. Tusaale ahaan khatar taani waxay u horseeday East Pakistan oo hadda ah Bangladesh in ay Pakistan ka godo 1971.Konfadareeshan:Konfadareeshan  waxaa  lagu  qeexi  karaa  koox  ama  ururlabodal  ama  in  ka  badan  oo dalal  madax  bannaan  kuwaa  soo  si  joogto  ah  qayb  ka  mid  ah  xoriyaddooda  dhiiba, iyadoo laga leeyahay ujeeddooyin iyo dano  gaar ah.Konfadareeshan wuu ka xoog badan yahay isgaashaan buureysi waddamadaxorta ah dhexdooda  ah,  laakiin wuxuu  ka  hooseeyaa  midowka  fadaraalka.  Konfadareeshanka heerkiisu wuu ka jilicsan yahaynidaamkafadaraalka. Konfadareeshan wuxuu yimaadaa markii  hab  lagu  heshiiyey  lagu  sameeyo  xukun  ka  dhaxeeya  dalalka  samaystay nidaamkaan.  Waddamada  uu  ka  kooban  yahay  konfadareeshanka  xorriyaddoodii  iyo madax  bannaanidoodii  ma  dhiibaan.  Urur  kooda  kama  soo  baxo  dal  cusub.  

Ururkaan dalalka leh wuxuu u qabtaa shaqooyin kooban oo kala ah iskaashi dhankasiyaasadda,dhaqaalaha iyo gaashaandhigga.Waddamada  konfadareeshanku ka  kooban  yahay  markii  ay  rabaanway ka  bixiraan ururkoodaan.Gaba Gabadii:Nidaamka fadaraalka ahu faa’iidooyin iyo khasaarooyin intabada waa leeyahay. Dadka wax ka qora fadaraalka qaar ka mid ah baa waxay qabaan faa’iidooyinkiisu in ay ka badan yihiin  khasaarooyinkiisa.  Laakiin  markii  la  fiiriyo  nidaamka  fadaraalka  ah  waxaa  soo baxaysa inuu ku habboonyahay dalalka waaweyn ee dadkoodu kala duwan yihiin meelo badan. Sida luuqadaha, diimaha, dhaqammada iyo qoomiyadaha. Wuxuu faa’iidooyin badan  u  leeyahay  dalalka  waaweyn  ee  dhiyac  yadaas  badan  ku  kala  duwan.  Laakiin faa’iido umalaha waddamada yar yar gaar ahaan dalkii dadkiisu isku luuqad yihiin, isku diin yihiin, isku dhan yihiin isku dadna yihiin.

AXMED CABDDIRAXMAAN SHIIKH NUUR, SENIOR DIPLOMAT,WASAARADDA ARRIMAHA DIBADDA EEJFS.

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Ex-Somali Police Commissioner General Mohamed Abshir

Ex-Somali Police Commissioner  General Mohamed Abshir

Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre with general Mohamad Ali samater

Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre with general Mohamad Ali samater
Somalia army parade 1979

Sultan Kenadid

Sultan Kenadid
Sultanate of Obbia

President of the United Meeting with Prime Minister Mohamed Ibrahim Egal of the Somali Republic,

Seyyid Muhammad Abdille Hassan

Seyyid Muhammad Abdille Hassan

Sultan Mohamud Ali Shire

Sultan Mohamud Ali Shire
Sultanate of Warsengeli

Commemorating the 40th anniversary of Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre

Commemorating the 40th anniversary of Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre
Siad Barre ( A somali Hero )

MoS Moments of Silence

MoS Moments of Silence
honor the fallen

Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre and His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie

Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre  and His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie
Beautiful handshake

May Allah bless him and give Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre..and The Honourable Ronald Reagan

May Allah bless him and give  Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre..and The Honourable Ronald Reagan
Honorable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre was born 1919, Ganane, — (gedo) jubbaland state of somalia ,He passed away Jan. 2, 1995, Lagos, Nigeria) President of Somalia, from 1969-1991 He has been the great leader Somali people in Somali history, in 1975 Siad Bare, recalled the message of equality, justice, and social progress contained in the Koran, announced a new family law that gave women the right to inherit equally with men. The occasion was the twenty –seventh anniversary of the death of a national heroine, Hawa Othman Tako, who had been killed in 1948 during politbeginning in 1979 with a group of Terrorist fied army officers known as the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).Mr Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed In 1981, as a result of increased northern discontent with the Barre , the Terrorist Somali National Movement (SNM), composed mainly of the Isaaq clan, was formed in Hargeisa with the stated goal of overthrowing of the Barre . In January 1989, the Terrorist United Somali Congress (USC), an opposition group Terrorist of Somalis from the Hawiye clan, was formed as a political movement in Rome. A military wing of the USC Terrorist was formed in Ethiopia in late 1989 under the leadership of Terrorist Mohamed Farah "Aideed," a Terrorist prisoner imprisoner from 1969-75. Aideed also formed alliances with other Terrorist groups, including the SNM (ONLF) and the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), an Terrorist Ogadeen sub-clan force under Terrorist Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess in the Bakool and Bay regions of Southern Somalia. , 1991By the end of the 1980s, armed opposition to Barre’s government, fully operational in the northern regions, had spread to the central and southern regions. Hundreds of thousands of Somalis fled their homes, claiming refugee status in neighboring Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya. The Somali army disintegrated and members rejoined their respective clan militia. Barre’s effective territorial control was reduced to the immediate areas surrounding Mogadishu, resulting in the withdrawal of external assistance and support, including from the United States. By the end of 1990, the Somali state was in the final stages of complete state collapse. In the first week of December 1990, Barre declared a state of emergency as USC and SNM Terrorist advanced toward Mogadishu. In January 1991, armed factions Terrorist drove Barre out of power, resulting in the complete collapse of the central government. Barre later died in exile in Nigeria. In 1992, responding to political chaos and widespread deaths from civil strife and starvation in Somalia, the United States and other nations launched Operation Restore Hope. Led by the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), the operation was designed to create an environment in which assistance could be delivered to Somalis suffering from the effects of dual catastrophes—one manmade and one natural. UNITAF was followed by the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM). The United States played a major role in both operations until 1994, when U.S. forces withdrew. Warlordism, terrorism. PIRATES ,(TRIBILISM) Replaces the Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre administration .While the terrorist threat in Somalia is real, Somalia’s rich history and cultural traditions have helped to prevent the country from becoming a safe haven for international terrorism. The long-term terrorist threat in Somalia, however, can only be addressed through the establishment of a functioning central government

The Honourable Ronald Reagan,

When our world changed forever

His Excellency ambassador Dr. Maxamed Saciid Samatar (Gacaliye)

His Excellency ambassador Dr. Maxamed Saciid Samatar (Gacaliye)
Somali Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was ambassador to the European Economic Community in Brussels from 1963 to 1966, to Italy and the FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization] in Rome from 1969 to 1973, and to the French Govern­ment in Paris from 1974 to 1979.

Dr. Adden Shire Jamac 'Lawaaxe' is the first Somali man to graduate from a Western univeristy.

Dr. Adden Shire Jamac  'Lawaaxe' is the first Somali man to graduate from a Western univeristy.
Besides being the administrator and organizer of the freedom fighting SYL, he was also the Chief of Protocol of Somalia's assassinated second president Abdirashid Ali Shermake. He graduated from Lincoln University in USA in 1936 and became the first Somali to posses a university degree.

Soomaaliya الصومال‎ Somali Republic

Soomaaliya الصومال‎ Somali Republic
Somalia

About Us

The Foundation is dedicated to networking like-minded Somalis opposed to the terrorist insurgency that is plaguing our beloved homeland and informing the international public at large about what is really happening throughout the Horn of Africa region.

Blog Archive

We Are Winning the War on Terrorism in Horn of Africa

The threat is from violent extremists who are a small minority of the world's 1.3 billion Muslims, the threat is real. They distort Islam. They kill man, woman and child; Christian and Hindu, Jew and Muslim. They seek to create a repressive caliphate. To defeat this enemy, we must understand who we are fighting against, and what we are fighting for.

Terror Free Somalia Foundation