QARAN-DIIDKII MUQDISHO OO WAJIGGIISII RUNTA AHHA LA SOO BAXAY!!
Dhibaatada Somalia ee 19ka sano taagan waxay ka bilaatay Muqdisho. Muddadaas dheerna waxaa xal u heliddeeda hortaagan Muqdisho. Xoogagga dumiyay Qarankii Soomaaliyeed 1991kii Qarankaas oo dhisnaa muddo gaaraysa 30 sano marna kama daalin in ay fashaliyaan isku-day kasta oo ku wajahan soo noolaynta gobonimada iyo qaranimada dadka iyo dalka Somalia. Kooxahaas QARAN-DUMINTA IYO QARAN-DIIDNIMADA waxay ka dhigteen mabda' iyo Idologiyadd siyaasadeed oo laga ma leexdaan ah. Muqdishana waxay ka dhigteen Xarun iyaga loogu xuddun-xiray oo aaan cid kale loo ogolayn in ay la timaaddo fikrad tooda ka duwan. Siyaasaddaas ah oo aad mooddo in ay ka dhigteen DIIN MUQADDAS ah way ku salaynsantahay ku daa'iminta Dalka xaaldda Dawladd la'aanta iyo burburka.
Kooxahaasi marba waxay qaadataan magaca iyo midabka ay u arkaan in uu ku habboonyahay marxaladaha kala duwan ee ay marayso qaddiyadda Somalia. Hadaad si dhab u dhuuxdo waxaa kuu muuqanaysa in kasta oo maryaha iyo cimaamdaha, magacyada la kala beddelo- ay haddana ulajeedada, tabaha iyo hoggaanku uu midaysanyahay muddadaas kur u dhaaftay 16ka sano.
Qormadaan waxay ku soo qaadaya MARXALADAHA ay soo mareen kooxahaani si ay dadka ugu sahlanaato fahamka arimaha waqtigaan ka socda Muqdisho. Waana tan :
1- MARXADDII QARAN-DUMISKA:
1990kii waxaa ka socoday gobollada waqooyi ee dalka dagaal xooggan oo ay SNM kula jirtay dawladdii M.Siyaad barre. Waxaa kale oo jiray dagaallo aan xiriir ahayn oo ay wadday SSDF oo xilligaas daciiftay. Waxaa muuqatay in M.S. Baree ay xukunkiisii ka hartay maalmo kooban. Taas waxay ku dhalisay rag qorba-joog ahaa oo ka tirsan beelaha Hawiye in ay iyaguna dhistaan Jabhada beeshooda u gaar ah si aysan uga qadin dhaxalka M. siyaad. Jabhadda waxaa dhisay sakhsiyaad aqoonyahan ah oo badankoodu ku noolaa dalka Talyaaniga. Waxaana lagu asaasay magaalada Roma 1990kii Jabhadda USC oo ay iska leedahay hal beel oo qur ah una adeegaysa danaha beeshaas.
1992kii billawdeedii ayay USC ku guulaysatay in ay M.Siyaad ka saarto Muqdisho. Waxnse is-waydiinaynaa waa Tee USCda Xamar qabsatay?
Jawaabto waxay tahay: Waa USC ka duwan tii 1990kii Roma lagu dhisay. Waxaan Shaki ku jirin haddii DAACADD loo hadlo in aqoonyahannadii Ururkan bilaabay aysan maskaxdooda sina uga marnayn ulajeedooyin dawladeed iyo qaranimo Somali iyada oo la waafajinayo danaha Beesha.
Waxaase Jabhaddii gacanta u gashay kooxo dhallinyaro ah oo baadiyaha laga soo ururiyay iyo qaar suuq-joog ah oo shaqalaawe ka ahaa magalooyinka. Xogaggaan wax-ma-garadka u badan ee qabsaday Muqdisho waxa lagu soo wacyi-geliyay nacayb iyo cadaawaad reer iyo nacayb dawladeed oo loogu sawiray in uu hal cadaw yahay oo laba magac leh. Muqdisho markay gacanta ku dhigaynba waxay ku hawwl-geleen mabda' ah baabbi'inta cadawgga ama LA DAGAALLANKA BEEL IYO DAWLADD.
lama inkiri karo in ay jireen qaar badan oo USC ah oo Aaminsanaa fikradihii odadyaashii bilaabay ururka laakiin waxaa qaaday daadkii aqlabiyadda. Hoggaankii iyo awooddiina waxay ku wareegtay dadkaan wax-ma-garatada ah ee ku caan baxay magaca MOORYAANTA
Saas ayay Qaran-duminta iyo burburrinta dalku u ahayad siyaasadd qorshaysan oo lagu hawl-galay. Waxaa laga bilaabay burburinta iyo bililaqada xafiisyadii iyo dhismayaashii dawladda oo ay ugu horayso waraaqihii iyo dukumentigii la kaydinayay in ka badan 100 sano. Waxaa qaaday olole nidaamsan oo aan ku magacaabi karo: XIDID-SIIBIDDA QARANKA.
Magaaladii caasimadda ahayd waxaa loo qaybiyay xaafadaheedii Jilibyada Beesha Hawiye. Somali-wayn tii kale waxaa laga nadiifay magalada. Hantidii guud iyo tii gaar ahaaneedba waa lakala buubay. Nin kasta waxii gacantiiso gaatay ayuu magaciisa ku qortay :HEBEL BAA XORAYSTAY.....iwm. Xooggaan Mooryaanta waxaa la taxaalufahay ganacsato cusubb oo ka maalaysatay bililaqadii hantida dalka iyo ganacsigii xaaraanta ahaa ee burburka. Waxayna ku qotomiyeen siyaasaddooda ka hor-tagga wax kasta oo keeni kara Dawladd xataa hadday tahay Dawladd-hoose oo loo dhiso magaalada Muqdisho ama magaalo kale oo hoos timaada beelaha Hawiye.
2- MARXADDII KALA JABKA:
1992-1993kii Waxaa isu-muuqday beelihii USCda ee Muqdisho ku kaliyaystay. Waxaa muuqtay sidii loo kala badsaday bililqadii hantidii guud iyo gaar ee dalku la haa. Waxaa kale dalka ku soo qulqulay gargaar caalamiah oo loo waday dadkii ay ku habsatay macaluushii waqtigaas saamaysay gobollada koonfurayd ee Somalia oo dadku u dhimanaeen kumaankun maalintii. Gurmadkaan oo u badna Raashin iyo Daawo ayaa isaguna dhaliyay is-maan-dhaaf culus oo la xiriira qoladii gargaarka qaybin lahayd. Waxaana halkaas ka dhashay dagaallo sababay xiritaanka dekadda iyo airporka magaalada. Colaadaas oo keentay kala jabkii USCda ee labadii garabb ee ay kala hoggaaminayeen Cali Mahdi iyo M. Faarax Caydiid.
labada garab waxaa dhexmaray dagaalo ka fool-xun oo khasaareheeda nafta iyo maalku tobanaan jeer ka waynyahay kii dagaalladii M. Siyaad laga saaray Dalka.
Dagaalladaan waxay keeneen fara-ggelintii ciidamada Maraynka si loo gaarsiiyo gargaarka dadka gaajada ugu dhimanayay tara-tarab. Hawl-galkaas oo loogu magac-daray: RAJO-SOO-CELINTA. Halkaaana waxaa ka dhashay mashruucii UNka ee ku wajahnaa sidii Somalia looga soo dabbaali-lahaa nabadd, maalmul, sharci iyo kala-danbayn. kaas oo loo yiqiin UNISOM.
UNISOM waxaa la dagaallamay oo fashaliyay USC. Siyaasaddaasna waa mid la fahami karo waxaayna ka tarjamaysa Mabda'a beelahaas ee ahaa is-hortaagga mashruuc kasta oo keeni kara awood-qaybsi beelaha Somala ama soo noolayn kara waxa ay u arkayeen caddawgooda kawaad ee ahaa DAWLADD iyo QARAN.
3- MARXALADDA BURBURKA USC:
Dagaalladii labadii garab ee USCda markii ay dheeraadeen laguna kala adkaan-waayay waxaa billaabantay marxaladd cusubb oo ah in garab kastaa uu u sii kala qaybsamo kooxo yayr-yar oo ku salaysan jilibyo hoose. Burburkaas ku dhacay labadii garab wuxuu abuuray dagaallo fool-xun oo ka darran kuwii soo maray labadii garab.
Garabkii Caydiid ayaa u kala jabay laba jilibb oo Muqdisho ay ku dhexmartay dirir dhallaan-gawrac ah oo makii danbe salfatay Caydiid naftiisii. Garabkii Cal Mahdi ayaa isaguna sidaa si ka daran u burburay. oo Jilibyadii ay u sii kala baxeen jifooyin birta iska aslay oo dirirtoodu aysan ku ekaanin Muqdisho balse u guddubtay baadiyiha iyo ceelasha ay dadka iyo xooluhu ka cabbaan. Waxaa kale oo soo baxay kooxo hubaysan oo magac iyo sumadd midna lahyn oo ka xoogsada dilka iyo dhaca.
Muqdisho waxay noqotay goobo-dagaal oo ay isku hardiyayaan jilibyo iyo lifooyin kala duwan oo isku beel ah iyo JINNI iyo JAAN aan tilmaanba lahayn oo idilkood ku hardamaya gacan ku haynta ISBAAROOYINKA. Goob walba waxaa ka taliya nin kaapo-mooryaan ah oo awooddii kala wereegay siyaasiyiintii jilibkiisa. Nimaankaan oo ku caan baxay magaca: QAB-QABLAYAASHA-DAGAALKA.
Qab-qabluha waxaa taageeraya Mooryaanta uu madaxda u yahay oo jilibkiisa u badan, ganacsato booli-hodan ah iyo waliba Maxkamadd Magac Islaam la huwiyay oo u kiraysan ganacsadaha oo lagu baqdin geliyo dadka caadiga ah si aysan u uga hor-imaanin Qabqablaha iyo ganasade-xaaraanka. Qofkii falkaas lgu tuhmana Maxkamadd ku sheegga ayaa qoorta u dheeratsa ama gacmaha looga jiraya mindi saawir ah oo lagu silciyo.
Marxaladdan oo ah tii ugu waqti dheerayd 1994-200 cidina ma filaynin in la soo qaado dhisme maamul-Muqdisho iyo mid dawladiid toona.
4- MAXLADDII DAWLADDII CARTA:
Marxaladdaan oo qaadatay afartii sano ee dawladdii CARTA waxaan oran karaa wax-wayn kuma soo kurdhinin xaladda Muqdisho oo aan ka ahayn kala jajabkii beelaha oo sii sarrifmay iyo dagaalladii isbaarooyinka oo batay. Waxaan ku tirin karaa maxaladdan Carta in ay ahayd tii ka horaysay oo sii luga-fidsatay. Dawladdii Carta oo ay dhiseen ganacsato shirkadd ah oo isugu jiraa reer Jabuuti iyo reer Muqdisho waxaa sacabka Carta ugu garaacay xamaasadna ku taageeray dadka qurbaha ku noolaa ee Somaaliyeed oo u oomanaa in ay helaan qaran Soomliyeed oo ay kaga baxaan silica iyo dulliga ku haysta qurbaha wayse ku hoggoobeen. Dawladd shirkad ganacsato iyo jaaliyado dalka dibaddiisa deggan dhiseen la sugaynin in ay wax ka beddesho Xamar iyo xaaladaheeda.
Haddaan ka baxno Muqdisho oo aan milicsanno gobollada dalka waxaan ognahay in Dawladda Carta ay ka hurisay gobolladii dalka ee nabadda ahaa dhibaatooyin iyo dagaallo Sokeeye-sokeeye oo ka shidday PUNTLAND iyo BAY- BAKOOL ama RRAda. SOMALILAND iyada waxaa la geliyay khal-khal siyaasadeed.
Shir-waynihii Carta waxa Cahdi-Qarameedka lagu qeexay in Magaalada Baydhabo noqoto Casimadda KMG ah ee dalka. Waxaase ka leexday Ganacsatadii Muqdisho oo qabay fikadda dawladd-diidka ah. Muqdisho markii la tegay madaxdii dawladda wixii reer USC ahaa nin kastaa wuxuu dabada la galay mooryaantiisii. Madaxdii ka soo jeedday beelaha ka baxan USCda kuwaas oo loogu magacaabay beelaha aan hubaysnayn waxay MAGAN u noqdeen beelaha iyo jilibyada USCda ee ay ku leeyihiin qaraabo, saaxiibbo ama af-garasho.
Dr. Cabdi-qaasin wuxuu la galay beelaha Hawiye ( Qabqablayaasha-Ganacsatada-Maxkamadaha ) wada-xaajoodyo guud oo heer Hawiye ah iyo kuwo Gaar-gaar ah oo heer jilib iyo Jifo ah in ay taageeraan Dawladdiisa. Dadaalladaas oo dhan wuu ku hogoobay markii si caddaan ah loogu sheegay in aysan DOONAYNIN DAWLADDIISA IYO MID KALA toona.
Diidmada ugu adaga waxay kaga timid beeshiisa CAYR oo aan u kala harin Ganacsato iyo Maxkamadd.
Sidaas ayayna dawladdii Carta isgu hawlin in ay maamulkeeda gaarsiiso degmo ka mid ah degmooyinka Xamar meel kalna hadalkeed iskaba dhaaf. Waxayna ku qanacday ka qab-gaalka shirarka dibadda iyo KHUDBADO KHAYAALI AH oo xambaarsan xamaasadd waddaniyadeed oo uu Madax-waynhu akhriyo munaasbadaha waddaniga ah iyo ciidaha diiniga ah.
5- MARXALADDII MAXKAMADAHA:
Maxkamadaha Muqdisho Waxaa abuuray 1993dii Ganacsato ku hodmay xaaraantii burburka Dalka. Abuurintaankoodu
ma ahayn mid raad ku leh diinta Islaamka. Nidaamaka Islaamka Maxkamadd waxaa dhisi kara oo kaliya Dawladd Taasina waxay duntay billawgii 1992dii. Qasadka Ganacsataduna waxuu ahaa in ay ku ilaashadaan maalkooda boolida ah . Kharashka wadaaddada Maxkamadaha iyo maaliisiyadeedaba waxaa lahaa ganacsatada.
Waxaa dhismay maamul-shayddaan oo mucaqadd ah oo ka kooban : Qabqablayaal-dagaal, ganacsidto iyo maxkaakimado oo kulligood Dawladd-diid ah.
muddo toban sano ka badan ( 1994-2004 )ayaa dagaal aan kala go' lahayn ka dhex-socday Qabqablayaashaiyo Ganacsatada oo kuwooda waa-wayn oo yeesheen maliisiyooyin aan ka tabar yareen kuwa Qabqablayaasha oo iyaguna ka qayb-qaata dagaallada aan dhamaadka aqoonin. Dagaalladaasi waxay Aakhirkii daciifiyeen Qabqablayaashii iyo Ganacsatadiiba.
Maxkamaduhu toban kaa sano way sii xoogsanayeen. Waxay sameeyeen maliisiyooyin iyaga u gaar ah. Waxay iibsadeen hub iyo saanadd fara baddan waxaanay noqdeen QUWADDA ugu xoog-wayn ee Muqdisho.
Markii lagu dhisay Dawladda KMG dalka Kenyaa 2004 Maxkamaduhu waxay u arkeen in ay tahay KHATARKA kaliya oo ku soo foolle himiladoodii ahayd in waddanka Somalia ku dhigaan gacanta. Waxaayna go'aansadeen in ay baabbi'yaan DKMG ah inta aysan tabaraysanin.
QABSASHADII MUQDISHO:
Qabqablayaashii dawladda wax ka dhisay ee dhaarta kitaabka ku maray Nairoobi markii ay isu rageen Mucaaridd waxaa la taxaalifay Maxkamadii Muqdisho oo isu arkay in hayaan quwadda ugu wayn ee dhaqaali iyo ciidan. Waxaana u muuqatay laba arimood oo kala ah:
A- Dawladda KMG ah oo mustabalka xoogaysanaysa. Iyada oo heli doonta awood ciidan oo isugu jira. kuwo ajnabi ah oo Caalamku soo diro siiba Afrika iyo kuwo Somali ah oo gudaha dalka laga abaabulo.
B- Qabqablayaasha iyo ganacsada Muqdusho- inkasta oo ay hadda isku xulafo yihiin-misana Maxkamaduhu waxay Aaminayn in ay yihiin danaystayaal is-rorogga iyo is-beddelku u yahay xirfadd ay ku dhaqmaan. Waxaa kale oo Maxkamadu u arkayeen xulafadooda Muqdisho in ay yihiin kuwo aan daacadd noqon karin layskuna hallayn karin. Waxaana la go'aamiyay in horta iyaga laga takhalluso Maqdishana Gacanta lagu dhigo.
Waxayna Maxkamaduhu qaadeen waqtigaan oo kale ee sannaddkii hore Dagaalkii dhexmaray Qabqablayaasha iyo Ganacsato dhinac ah iyo Maxkamadaha iyo Ganacsato dhinac ah. Dagaalkaas oo ahaa kan ugu khasaare-nafeedd badnaa oo hal mar ka dhaca Muqdisho. Waxaa ku naf-waayeen dad lagu qiyaasay 3000 ( saddex-kun ) oo ruux iyo dhaawac tira beelay oo markii Muqdisho looga waayay meel la kala geeyo iyo cidd u gargaarta ay khasabb noqotay in baaqyo loo diro Gobollada Puntland, Somalland iyo Dunida si loo caawiyo kumaankunkii ku dhaawaca ahaa.
MAXKAMADAHA IYO DAWLADDNIMO :
Waxaa la oran karaa Maxkamadu dhisma dawladeed iyo soo celin Qaran Somaliyeed ma hayn mid qorshahooda .meelna ka soo gasha. Sababtana waa mid la wada fahmi karo oo iyagu waxay jirayaan inta ay burburka iyo dawladd la'aanto jiraan. Haddii dawladd la helana in ay mesha ka baxayaan.
lixdii bilood ee ay Muqdisho haysteen way diideen in ay ka dhisaan wax maamul ah. Taas oo qur ah ma aha ee waxay ka ilaaliyeen khuddbadahooda iyo hadalladooda IRAYGA DAWLADD la yiraaho. Waxaa kale oo aan qorshaha ugu jirin in ay DKMG ah wax la qaybsadaan. Waxayna dhegaha ka furaysteen talooyinkii uga imanayay dadka Somaliyeed ee gudaha iyo dibadda dalka iyo Muslinka kaliba oo ku booriyay in ay la heshiiyaan dawladda iyada oo wax-wayn loo ogolaa.
Maxkamadahu waxay ka marnaayeen aragti-siyaasadeed nooc ay ahaataba gudaha iyo dibadda. Waxaase ka muuqatay in aysan Somalinida Aaminsanayn iyaga oo meesha ay qaybsadaanba saarayay CALANKA MADOOBA EE SHIICADA lagu yiqiin . Waxaana meela dhawr ah lagu lagu IHAANEEY CALANKA SOMALIA. Waxay madaxdooda sare Aaminsanaayeen Afkaar aan caddayn oo muggddi ku jiro oo hadafkeedo yahay in Somalia laga sameeyo IMAARADD ISLAAM AH oo ay u simanyihiin muslimiinta caalamka oo dhan. Sidaas ayay uga sii shisheeyeen xataa mooryaanta Qaran-diid caaddiga ah oo waxay ahayeen SOMALI-DIID.
MAXAY SOO KURDHIYEEN MAXKAMADUHU`?.
Waxaan ku jawaabi karaa : Waxaay soo hooyeen dhibaatooyin aan xad lahayn oo soo gaartay dadka iyo Dalka. Dhibaatooyinkaasi qormadaan kuma soo tirin karo waxaana la sugayaa qormo kale-- haddii Alle idmo-- Waxaase innagu filaan in aa xuso in colaaddii ay huriyeen ay salfatay NAFTA 10 000 ( taban kun ) oo badankoodu yahay dhallinyaro arday ah oon tababar la siinin. Dadkaas saddex kun lafahooda Muqdisho ayay ku qabsadeen. Saddex kunna waxay lafhoodu haallaan forantada waqooyi ee Baydhabo ee BUUR-HAKABA, DAYNUUNAY IYO MOODE-MOODE. Afar kunn ee kale waxay gobteen dabbkii ay ka shideen Forontada koonfureed ee Baydhabo lafahoodiina waa kuwa daadsan IIDAALE, DIIN-SOOR IYO BU'AASLE. Xaqiiqo ahaan lama haayo tirakoob rasmi ah laakiin tani waa qiyaas ay sameeyeen koox khubaro ah oo isku-tacalluqiayay khasaaraha dagaalkaas.
Midda aan tan hore ka sahlanayn ee ay sababeen Maxkamadu waa in u soo jiideen Dalka IMAATINKA CIIDMO AJNABI OO DAGAAL ku soo gala . Waxaan la inkiri karin in DKMG ah iyo Bushada Caalamkuba qorsheeyeen in Dalka la geeyo CIIDAMO NABADD-ILAALINah. Waxaana u dhexeeya farqi wayn labada hawl-gal oo aan meella iska soo gelin. Hawl-galka dagaal ee ciidammada Itoopia kuma jirin qoraha DKMG ah oo ma jirin wax baahi ah oo loo qabay. Waxaase uu ka dhashay isk-daaygii Maxkamaha ee qabsashada BAYDHABO iyo Taahdiidkii nacasnimada ahaa ee malin kasta ay u jeedinayeen Itoopia iyo Caasimaddeeda Addiis-Ababa.
5- MARXLADDA SHAARKA-HAWIYE:
Marxaddani oo ah tii uga danbaysay oo ah ahna tan maanta lagu jiro. Waxaa Muqdisho ka wada dagaal-qaran-diid ah kuwa isku magacaabay BEELAHA HAWIYE. Waxaa is-waydiin leh : Ma kooxo cusubb oo Qarandiid ah ayaa Hawiye ka soo baxay maanta ? Mase waa haraagii Maxkamadaha? Mase duulal kale oo cir-ka-soo-dhac ah?
Jawaabto waxay ku jirtaa marxaladaha aan soo taxay ee ay Muqdisho ku sugnayd 17 kii sano ee la soo may. Waa qaybtii uga danbaysay ee dagaallada iyo coladaha Xamar ee aan macnaha lahayn. Haddaan sii qeexo waxaa dirirta waaa xooggagii wax-ma -garadka ahaa ee la wareegtay awooddii USCda 1992kii kaddibna la baxay magaca MOORYAANTA. Waa kuwii Dumiyay Qarankii Somalia xididdana u siibay. Waa kuwii ka taajiray dhaca iyo boobka hantiidii qaranka iyo tii dadka. Waa kuwii fashaliyay intii isku-day la soo maray si dalka Dawladd loogu dhiso Qaranimadii loo soo noolsa. laga soo billaabo tii Cal Mahdi ilaa tii Cabdi-qaasim.
Kooxaas Qaran-dumiska iyo dawladd-diidka ah Marxaladdba waxay gashadaan shaatiga ay is-yiraahaan waad ku qaraaban kartaan. Marba waxay qaataan magac iyo midabb cusub. Billawwgii waxay dalka ku burburiyeen magaca USCda ay maroorsadeen. Markii lakala jajabyana qaarba magac u gaar ah ayuu la baxay. Qaar waa USC-SNA. Kuwo waa USC-SSA. Kuwo waxay howadeen USC.PM kuwa badan lama xafidi karo waxa u raaca USCda.
Sannadkii hore waxay la baxeen Maxkamadu Islaami ah oo Mooryaan ayaa Cimaamado-guduudan laga simay. ICU kabacdi waxay u sii kalabaxeen labo urur oo kala ah ( they formed other militant groups, such as) Al-Shabaab iyo xisbul islaam
Marxaladahadaas oo dhan waxay ku hawl-galaan hal mabda' oon isbeddelin oo ah in Dalku xaaladda burburka ku daa'imo. Haddaan soo koobo jawaabto waxay tahay kuwa maanta Muqdisho ka wada dagaalka Qaran-diidka ee la soo baxay koofyadda Haiwye waa runtood oo Hawiye way yihiin wayna yeen 19kaa sannadoodba.
laakiin ma aha Hawiye cusubb ee waa kuwii muddadaas dheer marba middab is-marinay. Maantana markii ay ka dhamaadeen maryihii kale waxay la soo baxeen wajigoodii RUNTA AHAYD OO AH IN AY YIHIIN MOORYAAN HAWIYE AH .
Haddaba waxaa la is-waydiinaya: HAWIYE OO DHANI MA MOORYAAN QARAN-DUMIS QARAN-DIID AH BAA??
IYO WAX-KASTABA HA AHAADEENE MA KU GUULAANSAN KARAAN KOOXAHANI MAANTA IN AY FASHALIYAAN DKMG AH SIDII KUWII KA HOREEYAY ?.
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Beautiful handshake
May Allah bless him and give Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre..and The Honourable Ronald Reagan
Honorable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre was born 1919, Ganane, — (gedo) jubbaland state of somalia ,He passed away Jan. 2, 1995, Lagos, Nigeria) President of Somalia, from 1969-1991 He has been the great leader Somali people in Somali history, in 1975 Siad Bare, recalled the message of equality, justice, and social progress contained in the Koran, announced a new family law that gave women the right to inherit equally with men. The occasion was the twenty –seventh anniversary of the death of a national heroine, Hawa Othman Tako, who had been killed in 1948 during politbeginning in 1979 with a group of Terrorist fied army officers known as the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).Mr Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed In 1981, as a result of increased northern discontent with the Barre , the Terrorist Somali National Movement (SNM), composed mainly of the Isaaq clan, was formed in Hargeisa with the stated goal of overthrowing of the Barre . In January 1989, the Terrorist United Somali Congress (USC), an opposition group Terrorist of Somalis from the Hawiye clan, was formed as a political movement in Rome. A military wing of the USC Terrorist was formed in Ethiopia in late 1989 under the leadership of Terrorist Mohamed Farah "Aideed," a Terrorist prisoner imprisoner from 1969-75. Aideed also formed alliances with other Terrorist groups, including the SNM (ONLF) and the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), an Terrorist Ogadeen sub-clan force under Terrorist Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess in the Bakool and Bay regions of Southern Somalia. , 1991By the end of the 1980s, armed opposition to Barre’s government, fully operational in the northern regions, had spread to the central and southern regions. Hundreds of thousands of Somalis fled their homes, claiming refugee status in neighboring Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya. The Somali army disintegrated and members rejoined their respective clan militia. Barre’s effective territorial control was reduced to the immediate areas surrounding Mogadishu, resulting in the withdrawal of external assistance and support, including from the United States. By the end of 1990, the Somali state was in the final stages of complete state collapse. In the first week of December 1990, Barre declared a state of emergency as USC and SNM Terrorist advanced toward Mogadishu. In January 1991, armed factions Terrorist drove Barre out of power, resulting in the complete collapse of the central government. Barre later died in exile in Nigeria. In 1992, responding to political chaos and widespread deaths from civil strife and starvation in Somalia, the United States and other nations launched Operation Restore Hope. Led by the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), the operation was designed to create an environment in which assistance could be delivered to Somalis suffering from the effects of dual catastrophes—one manmade and one natural. UNITAF was followed by the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM). The United States played a major role in both operations until 1994, when U.S. forces withdrew. Warlordism, terrorism. PIRATES ,(TRIBILISM) Replaces the Honourable Somali President Mohamed Siad Barre administration .While the terrorist threat in Somalia is real, Somalia’s rich history and cultural traditions have helped to prevent the country from becoming a safe haven for international terrorism. The long-term terrorist threat in Somalia, however, can only be addressed through the establishment of a functioning central government
The Honourable Ronald Reagan,
When our world changed forever
His Excellency ambassador Dr. Maxamed Saciid Samatar (Gacaliye)
Somali Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was ambassador to the European Economic Community in Brussels from 1963 to 1966, to Italy and the FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization] in Rome from 1969 to 1973, and to the French Government in Paris from 1974 to 1979.
Dr. Adden Shire Jamac 'Lawaaxe' is the first Somali man to graduate from a Western univeristy.
Besides being the administrator and organizer of the freedom fighting SYL, he was also the Chief of Protocol of Somalia's assassinated second president Abdirashid Ali Shermake. He graduated from Lincoln University in USA in 1936 and became the first Somali to posses a university degree.
Soomaaliya الصومال Somali Republic
Somalia
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