Somali defector reveals foreigners’ role in war

Outsiders train, fund al-Shabab militants

 

Mohamed Ibrahim Suley, a one-time insurgent in Somalia, shows off scars on his back in Mogadishu, Somalia, on Jan. 15. Mr. Suley said a foreign fighter shot him in the back and left him for dead when he tried to help a wounded friend. It prompted him to defect. (Associated Press)

MOGADISHU, Somalia | After Mohamed Ibrahim Suley joined Somalia’s al Qaeda-linked insurgency, foreign fighters taught him how to plant bombs and plan assassinations. He fought alongside an Indian, an Eritrean and an American.
But after five years, Mr. Suley grew disillusioned by the deaths and by the actions of senior commanders. Then one day, during a firefight against government forces, one of the foreign fighters deliberately shot him. The foreigner was displeased because Mr. Suley had stopped to attend to a wounded friend.
Hundreds of foreign fighters have brought battlefield knowledge and cash to the terrorist group called al-Shabab. But their hard-line ideology alienates many Somalis. For his part, Mr. Suley abandoned the militia after the foreign fighter turned on him.
“I defected from al-Shabab because I was deliberately shot by a foreigner,” the 29-year-old Mr. Suley told a reporter, pulling up his shirt to show bullet scars. “He shot me in the back, after I had defied his order to not help some of my friends.”
His experiences, relayed at a fortified government position in Mogadishu in an interview arranged by a public relations firm working for the United Nations, illustrate the complex relationship between Somali insurgents and foreigners who have joined them to topple the country’s weak U.N.-backed government.
The foreigners are often blamed for promoting a more hard-line version of Islam than Somalis are used to, alienating the local population, but al-Shabab cannot afford to dump them.
Foreign intelligence services say a few hundred foreign fighters are helping train al-Shabab and carry out attacks. Most are from other countries in East Africa, but a few come from farther afield - Chechnya, Pakistan and even the U.S.
They provide cash, skills and volunteers fluent in English to become suicide bombers. Some teach the insurgency increasingly sophisticated tactics, propaganda and bombmaking.
On the advice of teachers at Mr. Suley’s religious school in the city of Kismayo, he and 39 other students joined an Islamist training camp in 2006. They learned to plant land mines and plan assassinations.
Among the instructors, Mr. Suley said, was an Indian man nicknamed Abumuslim and an Eritrean. Later, in the Somali capital, he briefly met a white American recruit - Omar Hammami from Alabama, according to Mr. Suley’s account. Nicknamed Abumansur Al-Amriki, Hammami has starred in al-Shabab recruitment videos that have been posted online.
“He would organize and lead to us to the fighting. Most of the time he was carrying a walkie-talkie,” Mr. Suley said, adding that al-Shabab fighters preferred walkie-talkies to mobile phones because they feared cell-phone conversations could be intercepted.
Intelligence analysts say sniper attacks are rising because of the training camps run by foreigners. There was one insurgent sniper attack in December 2009, but in December 2010 there were 18, according to the African Union, which has deployed 8,000 troops to Somalia to back the government.
Some foreigners have high-ranking positions within the insurgency and do long-term strategic planning, said Lauren Gelfand, the Africa and Middle East editor of Jane’s Defense Weekly, a military publication. Others are young recruits hoping to gain experience in Somalia to start their own Islamist uprisings at home.
Fighters who do not have military skills but can speak fluent English have been used as suicide bombers because they can get past checkpoints.
Mr. Suley said many of his friends and classmates who took up arms with him died in the war.
“Every day I would see casualties from my side,” he said.
Mr. Suley said he became disillusioned by the deaths and from seeing senior commanders send young recruits - often children - to the front lines while they, themselves, stayed out of harm’s way.
Scores have defected from al-Shabab since 2007, said a Nairobi, Kenya-based security official. There is no program to reintegrate them, and if Mr. Suley ventures outside the small area controlled by the government, he would likely be killed.
The government, which is totally dependent on foreign support, is trying to design a reintegration program. However, donors are reluctant to back the program because disarmament is complicated and the financial commitment could grow, the official said, citing discussions he had been party to. He spoke on the condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the press. AP